“An Analysis of Presupposition on the Main Characters of Frozen Movie Script”

: This study was conducted to investigate kind and the meaning of presupposition that occur in Frozen Movie Script by using pragmatics approach. The objectives of this study are 1) To find the types of the presupposition that used in the main characters in frozen movie script. 2) To describe the interpretation meaning of the presuppositions that found in Frozen movie script. This study is qualitative research applying content analysis. The data analysis was conducted by watching the movie from beginning until the end. In this research, the writer used distributional method to select utterance in the movie script to classify the data into kinds of presupposition and writer also used distributional method to analyze the data. The findings of this research are 50 utterance were found, there are 15 existential presupposition, 4 factive presupposition, 2 non factive presupposition,9 lexical presupposition, 17 structural presupposition, and 3 counterfactual presupposition. To know the interpretation meaning of presupposition the writer watching the movie from the beginning until the end of the movie, she read and analyze the script of the movie, then she relates to the situation and context that occurs in the storyline. Therefor she concluded that every presupposition produce it has meaning that want to send by speaker to listener, every presupposition it can depends on the condition or the situation when the speaker said the utterance.


INTRODUCTION
The use of language as a dynamic human development becomes a very interesting pragmatic study, pragmatics are the basis of studies in concrete language research in the context of the situation. This knowledge not only studies linguistic forms are used in communication.
In oral data, there are utterances, context, participant, and shared knowledge that can help both speaker and listener understand the meaning or purpose behind the speech. The process of conversation is always presumption or basis for speech that is understood by members of the speech. Linguistic studies that discuss the main basis for speech are presupposition.
According to yule, a presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance. The presupposition is talking about the assumption that may accompany statements. Many statements that speaker said have ambiguity in meaning. For example: Sofi's cat is cute, that statement can meaning Sofi has a cat, sofi cherish a cat. There are 6 types of presupposition: Existential presupposition, factive presupposition, non factive presupposition, structural presupposition, lexical presupposition and counterfactual presupposition.
Presupposition can be found not only in real life situations but also in movie because on the movie they are works of art that reflect real human life. Therefore, based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing presupposition. The writer chooses presupposition because the writer known that many benefit which can get if learning about presupposing. Through learning presupposition can get more information in learning boarded language interpretation. Then she chooses to analysis presupposition in a movie.
The writer considers this movie because movie can also be a medium for students in learning presupposition, especially expressions of giving orders. At present the learning process in the 2013 curriculum uses a scientific approach that is in line with the attachment of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia number 22 of 2016 concerning the process of basic and secondary education standards. The movie "Frozen" can be a source of media to observe. By watching this movie, students can observe the conversation all of the case to investigate the utterance that use on the case. The author chose the movie "Frozen" as the object of research.
Pragmatics is another bough of linguistics that concerned with meaning. Levinson (1983:35) Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics concerned with the use of language in social context and the ways people produce and comprehend meaning through language. Pragmatics refers to the study of relations between language and context that are grammatical, or encoded in the structure of language.
According to Yule, Pragmatics has branches there are includes Deixis, Reference and Inference, Presupposition and Entailment, Cooperative and Implicature, Speech Act, Politeness, Conversation and Preference Structure, Discourse and Culture.
Levinson has stated that presupposition is a pragmatic inference, which means that is based on the contextual assumption that is underlined by cooperativeness of participants in a conversation, rather than the linguistics structures of the sentence. Speaker, not sentence, have presupposition.
In the words, phrases, and structures, the presupposition has associated. The classifies of presupposition according on Yule book, there are six types of presupposition based on the indicators of potential presupposition. They are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, non-factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition.

Existential presupposition
This type of presupposition is presupposition that purpose to be exist an assumption that someone or something is exist. That identified by using a noun phrase. By using any of the expression in the speaker is assumed to be commited to the existence of the entities named.
Example: Elsa has a magic power.
Based on the sentence, the utterance said that there are people named Elsa does exist, and she has a magic power.

Factive presupposition
Factive presupposition is the presupposed information following a verb like "know" can be treated as a fact.
Example: I believe that you can do it. (you can do it) In the example above, the speaker said "I believe you can do it" which is aimed at informing the fact that the listener and convincing he can do it.

Non factive presupposition
Non factive presupposition is assumed not to be true. verbs like dream, imagine and pretend as show in are used in presupposition that what follows is not true.
Example: I imagine that I have a car.
The meaning of the sentence above is the speaker said that he have not a car.

Lexical presupposition
Generally speaking in lexical presupposition is the speaking that used form with its asserted with the presupposition that another meaning is understood.
Example: you are late again.
The sentence meaning is that there are person that were late before.

Structural presupposition
The presupposition that associated with certain structures, where the speaker treats them as presupposed information and accepted be true by the listener.
Example: where you buy the clothes? (you bough,the clothes) The meaning of the utterance is the speaker ask the listener to get information.

Counterfactual presupposition
Counterfactual presupposition is the meaning that what is presupposed is not anly not true, but what opposite is true, or contrary to fact. Presupposes that the information in the if-clauses is not true at the time of utterance.
Example : If you love me, you would not to make me hurt (you are not love me).

METHOD
In this study, the writer use descriptive qualitative research because the writer analyzing presupposition which are used by the main characters on the movie, they are Elsa and Anna in Frozen movie script. Kothari has defined the qualitative is used to investigate qualitative phenomenon like to investigate motivation, human behavior, human anxiety and cetera. The writer collect data with observation (watch the movie) then she taking note and doing data validation and making table.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
To find the answer from the research question writer analyzing the utterances in this movie which were performed by the main characters in this movie they are Anna and Elsa . The data analysis finding is taken from the analyzing process through data concerning in presupposition that found in conversation of Anna and Elsa in the "Frozen" movie script.

The Result of Presupposition
This sub-section describes the results to answer research questions where The first question is what kind of the types presupposition do happen to the main characters of frozen movie?.
Based on the first research questions above, in this movie the writer found 50 utterances of presupposition which divided into six categories. It was consist of 15 utterances of existential presupposition, 4 utterances of factive presupposition,2 utterances of non factive presupposition, 9 utterances of lexical presupposition, 17 utterances of structural presupposition, and 3 utterances of counterfactual presupposition. Non factive presupposition 2 4 Lexical presupposition 9 5 Structural presupposition 17 6 Counterfactual presupposition 3 Total 50 The second research question is And the second research question is how is the interpretation meaning of presupposition that used in the main characters in the frozen movie script?
Based on the research question above the writer watch the movie and analyze the script of the movie from beginning until the end, then she relates to the situation and context that occurs in the storyline. Based on Yule, there are six types of presupposition, as follow : 1. Existential Presupposition, the purpose of this type of presupposition is to exist someone or something is exist. That identified by using a noun phrase. Here is one of utterance that writer found on the movie: Anna: princess Anna of Arendelle (00:17:09) On the utterance above, Anna was introduce herself as the princess and the Arendelle kingdom was exist.
On the utterance above was classified as existential presupposition, because the utterance mention about the existence of the power that Elsa has.
2. Factive Presupposition, the purpose of this type of presupposition is to give information following a verb like "know". Here is one of the utterance that writer found on the movie: The utterance above was classified as factive presupposition, and the meaning in the sentence above are the speaker believe that she can stop the winter.
Anna: No, I know we can figure this out together. (00:58:03) In this utterance was classified as factive presupposition because was shown the speaker indicated she believe that they are will find a way to overcome they are problems .
3. Non Factive Presupposition, is assumed not to be true verb like dream, imagine, and pretend as show in are used in presupposition that what follows in not true. Here one of utterances that the writer found on the movie: Anna: I've never been better. This is so nice. I wish it could be like this all the time. (00:22:20) The utterance above was classified in the non factive presupposition, because it was shown that the speaker never feel better all the time.
Anna: I was born with it, although I dreamt I was kissed by a troll. (00:23:10) The utterance above was classified in non factive presupposition, because it shown that speaker indicated she never kiss by troll. And the utterance was said by Anna.
4. Lexical Presupposition, the purpose of this presupposition is to presupposed the asserted meaning that the person success in some way. Manage is conventionally interpreted as asserting success and presupposing tried.
Anna: Last time I introduced her to a guy, she froze everything. (00:53:34) The utterance above was classified as lexical presupposition because it shown that the speaker indicated that she was introduce to a guy before that her sister can freeze everything.
Elsa : we are never closing them again.(01:32:00) In this utterance was classified as lexical presupposition, because the utterance was shown the speaker indicated that they are was closing the gates before.
5. Structural Presupposition, the purpose of this presupposition is to get information, where the speakers treats them as presupposed information and accepted be true by the listener. Here one of the utterances that writer found on the movie: In this utterance obove was classified as counterfactual presupposition because it was the speaker indicated that there was occur happened because Elsa not told her about Elsa's secret.

CONCLUSION
After obtaining the data, the writer make conclusions in this chapter to clarify the answers to the research questions. The first research question in this study is what kind of the types of presupposition do happen to the main characters of "Frozen Movie". In the "Frozen Movie" there were 50 utterances there were detected presupposition. Those utterances classified into six presupposition those are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, non factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. From 50 utterances were found there are 15 utterances of existential presupposition, 4 utterances of factive presupposition, 2 utterences of non factive presupposition, 9 utterances of lexical presupposition, 17 utterances of structural presupposition, and 3 utterances of counterfactual presupposition. It can be concluded that the answer of the first research question is the kind of presupposition because it has a greater amount of the data.
The second research question on this study is how is the interpretation meaning that used in the main characters in the frozen movie script ? Here, to know the interpretation meaning of each presupposition in Frozen Movie the writer watching the movie from the beginning until the end of the movie, she read and analyze the script of the movie, then she relates to the situation and context that occurs in the storyline. Therefor she conclude that every presupposition produce it has meaning that want to send by speaker to listener, every presupposition it can depends on the condition or the situation when the speaker said the utterance.